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Infallibility of the Church
The infallibility of the Church is the belief that the Holy Spirit preserves the Church from errors that would corrupt its essential doctrines. It is related to, but not the same as, the indefectibility of the Church, which is the belief that "the Church is indefectible, that is, she remains and will remain the Institution of Salvation, founded by Christ, until the end of the world."〔http://jloughnan.tripod.com/dogma.htm〕
==Infallibility of the ecumenical councils==
(詳細はanathema, a penalty of excommunication, against those who refuse to believe the teaching. The doctrine does not claim that every aspect of every ecumenical council is infallible.
The Roman Catholic Church holds this doctrine,〔Vatican I, ''Dei Filius'' ch. 3 ¶ 1, ''available at'' http://www.ewtn.com/library/councils/v1.htm#4. Vatican II, ''Lumen gentium'' § 25 ¶ 2, ''available at'' http://www.ewtn.com/library/councils/v2church.htm. 1983 Code of Canon Law 749 § 2, ''available at'' http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P2H.HTM.〕 as do most or all Eastern Orthodox theologians. However, the Orthodox churches accept only the first seven general councils as genuinely ecumenical, while Roman Catholics accept twenty-one. Only a very few Protestants believe in the infallibility of ecumenical councils, but they usually restrict this infallibility to the Christological statements of the first seven councils. Lutheran Christians recognize the first four councils,〔''See, e.g.'' Lutheran-Orthodox Joint Commission, Seventh Meeting, The Ecumenical Councils, Common Statement, 1993, ''available at'' http://www.helsinki.fi/~risaarin/lutortjointtext.html#ecum ("We agree on the doctrine of God, the Holy Trinity, as formulated by the Ecumenical Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople and on the doctrine of the person of Christ as formulated by the first four Ecumenical Councils.").〕 whereas most High Church Anglicans accept all seven as persuasive but not infallible.〔''See'' The Conciliar Anglican, Ask An Anglican: The Ecumenical Councils, Aug. 3, 2011, ''available at'' http://conciliaranglican.com/2011/08/03/ask-an-anglican-the-ecumenical-councils/ ("While it is possible for a Council to err, it is so manifestly unlikely in the event of a truly Ecumenical Council that the conclusions of such a Council should be treated as final.").〕
While the Russian Orthodox Church does recognize the first seven ecumenical councils as valid, some Russian Orthodox theologians believe that the infallibility of these councils' statements derived from their acceptance by the faithful (and thus from the infallibility of all believers), and not from the acts of the councils themselves. This differs from the Greek Orthodox view, which accepts that an ecumenical council is itself infallible when pronouncing on a specific matter.〔"The infallibility of the Church does not mean that the Church, in the assembly of the Fathers or in the expression of the Conscience of the Church, has already formally expressed all the truths of faith and norms. The infallibility of the Church is confined to the formulation of truths in question. This infallibility is not wholly a God-inspired energy which would affect the participants of the synod to such an extent that they would be inspired to pronounce all the truths at one time as a whole system of a Christian catechism. The Synod does not formulate a system of beliefs encompassing all Christian teachings and truths, but only endeavors to define the particular disputed truth which was misunderstood and misinterpreted. The Church of Christ and its divine nature, as set forth above, is the foundation upon which the Eastern Orthodox Church () continues to administer and nourish its faithful, thereby protecting its fundamental essentials." Rev. George Mastrantonis, of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America.〕
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